What are signs of local CVAD infection at the insertion site?

• A. Redness, tenderness, purulent drainage, warmth, edema
• B. Nausea and vomiting
• C. Headache only
• D. Increased appetite

Answer: (A)

At the CVAD insertion site, infection shows up as localized inflammation around the exit area. The hallmark signs are redness (erythema), warmth, and swelling (edema) of the skin around the catheter, along with tenderness when the area is touched. Purulent drainage—thick, often yellow or green pus—from the insertion site is a strong indicator of infection. These features reflect the body’s inflammatory response to microbes at the catheter site and are what clinicians look for when assessing for a local infection.

Nausea, vomiting, headache, or increased appetite are not localized signs at the insertion site. They can occur with illness in general or with systemic infection, but they don’t specifically indicate a local CVAD infection. If you see the local signs described, it’s important to document them and inform the clinician promptly, as this may require steps such as site care changes, cultures, or consideration of catheter management.